United States Minor Outlying Islands

United States Minor Outlying Islands
Motto: In God We Trust  (official)
E Pluribus Unum  (traditional)
(Latin: Out of Many, One)
Anthem: Star Spangled Banner
Capital none, Administered from Washington, D.C.
Largest village Wake Island
Official language(s) English
Demonym American, Islander
Government
 -  President Barack Obama (D)
 -  Governor none
 -  Lieutenant Governor none
Area
 -  Total 34.2 km2 (190th)
13.2 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) 88.6
Population
 -  2009 estimate 300 (232nd)
 -  2000 census 316 
 -  Density n/a/km2 (n/a)
n/a/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2003 estimate
 -  Total n/a (2005 est.)1 (n/a)
 -  Per capita 46,381 (U.S.)(2005 est.)1 (6)
Currency United States dollar (USD)
Time zone UTC-12 to UTC-4 (UTC-12 to -4)
 -  Summer (DST) (no DST) (UTC)
ISO 3166 code UM
Internet TLD .us
.um was retired 2008.
Calling code +1
1 2000 estimate.

The United States Minor Outlying Islands, a statistical designation defined by the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1 code, consists of nine United States insular areas in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea: Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Palmyra Atoll, and Wake Island. The Caribbean territories of Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank are also sometimes included by the U.S. government, but its claims are disputed by other countries.

Among them, Palmyra Atoll is the only incorporated territory. As of 2008, none of the islands have any permanent residents. The only human population consists of temporarily stationed scientific and military personnel. The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island.[1] There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. In 1936 a colonization scheme began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland, and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 as a result of World War II.[2][3]

The islands are grouped together as a statistical convenience. They are not administered collectively, nor do they share a single cultural or political history beyond being uninhabited islands under the sovereignty of the United States.

They are collectively represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The individual islands have ISO 3166-2 numerical codes, see ISO 3166-2:UM. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) ".um" has historically been assigned to the islands; however, the .um ccTLD was retired in January 2007.[4]

The ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands, with ISO 3166 code PU. The code of Midway Atoll was MI, the code of Johnston Atoll was JT, and the code of Wake Island was WK.

The Pacific islands are surrounded by large Exclusive Economic Zones.

Contents

Airports

The following is a list of island airports with ICAO (IATA) codes:

Other airports include:

Ports

Three of the islands are listed with ports in the World Port Index,[7] with World Port Number:

Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place on each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.

Islands

Atoll/Island Island Area
km²		 Lagoon
km²		 Coordinates NWR
Established		 Date of
Acquisition

Northern Pacific Ocean, scattered isolated islands
Wake IslandA 7.4 6 2009 January 6[8][9] 1899 January 17
Johnston AtollB 2.52 130 1926 July 29[10] 1859 September 6

Northern Pacific Ocean, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Midway Atoll 5.18 40 1996 November 1[11] 1867 August 28

Central Pacific Ocean, Northern Line Islands
Kingman Reef 0.01 76 2001 January 18[12] 1860 February 8
Palmyra AtollB 6.56 15 2001 January 18[13] 1912 February 21

Central Pacific Ocean, Central Line Islands
Jarvis Island 4.45 - 1974 June 27[3] 1856 October 28

Central Pacific Ocean, Northern Phoenix Islands
Baker Island 1.24 - 1974 June 27[2] 1856 October 28
Howland Island 1.62 - 1974 June 27[2] 1856 October 28

Caribbean Sea
Navassa IslandC 5.2 - 1999 December 3[14] 1858 October 31
Bajo Nuevo BankD 0.02 155 N/A 1869 November 22
Serranilla BankD 0.02 1200 N/A 1879 September 8
1880 September 13
U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 34.2 267      
A Claimed by the Marshall Islands
B Previously claimed by Hawaii when independent. Palmyra was officially part of Hawaii until 1959.
C Claimed by Haiti
D These islands are disputed with Colombia, Jamaica and Nicaragua, and are not included in the ISO list of territories; their areas are not included in the totals.

See also

References

  1. ^ US Census 2000 Population Summary — see Table I
  2. ^ a b c "Office of Insular Affairs: Baker and Howland Islands - History". United States Department of the Interior. http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/bhpage.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  3. ^ a b "Office of Insular Affairs: Jarvis Island - History". United States Department of the Interior. http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/jarvispage.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  4. ^ Jesdanun, Anick (24 January 2007). "Unused Domain Name for U.S. Isles Gone". msnbc. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16788293/. Retrieved 2007-09-28. 
  5. ^ "Search results". e-Archives. Purdue University Libraries. http://e-archives.lib.purdue.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/earhart&CISOBOX1=Richard. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  6. ^ "Kingman Reef". The World Factbook. FAQs.org. 2002. http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/print/kq.html. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  7. ^ "NGA.mil". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime/?epi_menuItemID=dab63a42518d786b6058eef03227a759&epi_menuID=35ad5b8aabcefa1a0fc133443927a759&epi_baseMenuID=e106a3b5e50edce1fec24fd73927a759. 
  8. ^ "Presidential Proclamation 8336" (PDF). http://www.fws.gov/pacificremoteislandsmarinemonument/PP%20PRIMNM.pdf. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  9. ^ "Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents: Monday, January 12, 2009 Volume 45—Number 1, Page 14". United States Government Printing Office. http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2009-01-12/pdf/WCPD-2009-01-12.pdf. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  10. ^ "Office of Insular Affairs: Johnston Island - History". United States Department of the Interior. http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/johnstonpage.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  11. ^ "Executive Order 13022: Administration of the Midway Islands". United States Fish and Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/EO.htm#eo13022. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  12. ^ "Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3223". United States Department of the Interior. http://elips.doi.gov/app_so/act_getfiles.cfm?order_number=3223. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  13. ^ "Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3224". United States Department of the Interior. http://elips.doi.gov/app_so/act_getfiles.cfm?order_number=3224. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 
  14. ^ "Department of the Interior: Secretary's Order #3210". United States Department of the Interior. http://elips.doi.gov/elips/sec_orders/html_orders/3210.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-10. 

External links

States
Federal district
Insular areas
Outlying islands